Quals/Brainstorm

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Contents 1 Cultural studies and popular culture 1.1 Driving questions 1.2 Keywords 1.3 Books 1.4 Articles, book chapters 2 Comparative media studies and media history 2.1 Driving questions 2.2 Keywords 2.3 Books 2.4 Articles, book chapters 3 Infrastructure and its contexts 3.1 Driving questions 3.2 Keywords 3.3 Books 3.4 Articles, book chapters 4 Public sphere, public discourse, and social imaginaries 4.1 Driving questions 4.2 Keywords 4.3 Books 4.4 Articles, book chapters 5 References

Cultural studies and popular culture

The principal purpose of this list is to develop a robust understanding of different approaches to popular culture studies during the past century. Its foundation should include canonical readings of the Frankfurt and Birmingham schools complemented by a few key works from related areas (sociology, anthropology, and Marxist political economy.) This core should be accompanied by an exemplary sample of recent works dealing with whiteness, masculinity, and the internet. Finally, I'd like to include a small number of essays concerning the role of the cultural studies scholar in society and the academy.

Driving questions

• What is "the popular"? How is it different from "pop"?
• How have different scholars mapped out the roles of audience, consumer, and producer?
• How has the "straight white man" been historically constructed and explored by cultural studies scholars?
• How has cultural studies, as a discipline, responded to the diffusion of communication technologies?

Keywords

• Cultural studies
• Popular culture
• Pop, creative industries, consumerism
• Textual analysis, audiences, reception
• Power, hegemony, resistance
• Class, Marxism, political economy
• Gender, sexuality, feminism, masculinity
• Ethnicity, whiteness, race

Books

Alexander, J. (2006). Pedagogies of Crossing. Durham, NC: Duke UP.

Althusser, Louis. (1972). Lenin and Philosophy, and Other Essays. New York: Monthly Review.

Arendt, Hannah. [1958] 1998. The human condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Attali, J. Noise: The Political Economy of Music (University of Minnesota Press, 1985)

Balsamo, A. (1996). Technologies of the gendered body: Reading cyborg women. Duke University Press.

Banet-Weiser, S. Kids Rule: Nickelodeon and Consumer Citizenship.

Banet-Weiser, S. (1999). The Most Beautiful Girl in the World: Beauty Pageants and National Identity. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Barad, K. (2007). Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning", Duke University Press.

Berlant, Lauren. The Queen of America Goes to Washington City: Essays on Sex and Citizenship.

Bijker, W. E., Hughes, T. P., & Pinch, T. J. (1987). The Social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology. MIT Press.

Bleichmar, D. (2008). Science in the Spanish and Portuguese Empires, 1500-1800. Stanford University Press.

Bookchin, Murray. 1995. Social anarchism or lifestyle anarchism: An unbridgeable chasm. San Francisco: AK Press.

Bookchin, Murray. Post Scarcity Anarchism.

Bordo, Susan. [1993] 2003. Unbearable weight: Feminism, Western culture, and the body, 10th Anniversary Ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Bourdieu, P. (1984). The Logic of Practice. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste. Trans. Richard Nice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Bowker, G. C. (2006). Memory Practices in the Sciences. MIT Press.

Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.

Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of “sex.” New York: Routledge.

Calhoun, C. (2011). “Communication as Social Science (and More),” IJOC 4 (2011), 1479-1496.

Camic, C., Gorski, P. S., & Trubek, D. M. (2005). Max Weber's Economy and society: A critical companion. Stanford University Press.

Castells, Manuel. 2003. The power of identity, 2nd ed. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.

Chin, Elizabeth. Purchasing Power: Black Kids and American Consumer Culture.

Cohen, Lizabeth. 2003. A consumer’s republic: The politics of mass consumption in postwar America. New York: Vintage.

Couldry, N. Inside culture: Re-imagining the method of cultural studies.

Cowan, R. S. (1985). More Work For Mother: The Ironies Of Household Technology From The Open Hearth To The Microwave. Basic.

Davila, Arlene. 2001. Latinos, Inc.: The marketing and making of a people. Berkeley: University of California Press.

De Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendall. University of California Press. 1984.

Dean, T. (2009). Unlimited intimacy: Reflections on the subculture of barebacking. University of Chicago Press.

Durham, M. G. & Kellner, D. M. 2006. Media and Cultural Studies Keyworks (selections). Blackwell.

Durkheim, É. (1951, 1997). Suicide: a study in sociology. The Free Press.

Durkheim, É. (1997). The Division of Labor in Society. (Trans. Lewis A. Coser.) New York: Free Press.

Dyer, Richard, White

Dyer-Witheford, N. (1999) Cyber-Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High-technology Capitalism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Fanon, Frantz (1965) "This is the Voice of Algeria." A Dying Colonialism. New York: Grove Press, 69-98.

Ferguson, R. A. (2004). Aberrations in black: Toward a queer of color critique. U of Minnesota Press.

Fernandez, M., Wilding, F., & Wright, M. M. (2002). Domain Errors! Cyberfeminist Practices. New York: Autonomedia.

Fiske, John. 1989. Reading the popular. London: Routledge.

Fiske, John. Understanding Popular Culture (New York: Routledge, 1989.

Foucault, M. Discipline and Punish.

Foucault, Michel. [1976] 1990. The history of sexuality: The will to knowledge. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage.

Foucault, Michel. [1984] 1988. The history of sexuality: The care of the self. New York: Vintage.

Frith, S. Performing Rites: On The Value of Popular Music (Harvard P, 1998)

Garcia Canclini, Nestor. 2001. Consumers and citizens: Globalization and multicultural conflicts. Trans. George Yudice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Geertz, Clifford. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.

Giddens, Anthony. The Consequences of Modernity.

Giddens, Anthony. 1991. Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Gitelman, L. (2006). Always Already New: Media, History, and the Data of Culture. MIT Press.

Gray, Ann. 2003. Research practice for cultural studies. London: Sage.

Gray, H. (2005). Cultural moves: African Americans and the politics of representation. Berkeley: U of California P.

Gray, M. L. 2009. Out in the country: youth, media, and queer visibility in rural America. New York: NYU Press.

Gross, Larry. Up From Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men and the Media in America, New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.

Grossberg, Lawrence, Cary Nelson, & Paula Treichler (1992) Cultural studies. New York: Routledge.

Grossberg, Lawrence. 1997. Bringing it all back home: Essays on cultural studies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Halberstam, Judith. 2005. In a queer time and place: Transgender bodies, subcultural lives. New York: New York University Press.

Hall, Stuart, and Tony Jefferson, eds. [1976] 2005. Resistance through rituals: Youth subcultures in post-war Britain. London: Routledge.

Haraway, D. J. (1991). Simians, cyborgs, and women: The reinvention of nature. New York: Routledge.

Harding, S. (Ed.) The feminist standpoint theory reader: intellectual & political controversies. London: Routledge.

Hartman, S. (2008). Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route. FSG.

Hayles, N. Katherine How We Became Posthuman: virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature and informatics. (Chicago, 1999)

Head, Simon (2005) The New Ruthless Economy: Work and power in the digital age. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Heath, Joseph, and Andrew Potter. 2004. Nation of rebels: Why counterculture became consumer culture. New York: HarperCollins.

Hebdige, Dick. 1981. Subculture: The meaning of style. New York: Routledge.

Herzberg, F., B. Mausner and B.B. Snyderman (1993) The Motivation to Work. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

Hesmondhalgh, D. The Cultural Industries. Sage. (2002)

Hills, M. (2005). How to Do Things With Cultural Theory. Hodder Arnold Publications.

Hoggart, Richard. [1957] 1971. The uses of literacy. London: Chatto and Windus.

Jenkins, H., McPherson, T., & Shattuc, J. (). Hop on Pop: The Politics and Pleasures of Popular Culture. Duke University Press.

Jenkins, H. (). The Wow Climax: Tracing the Emotional Impact of Popular Culture. NYU Press.

Jordan, T. & Taylor, P. A. (2004). Hacktivism and Cyberwars; rebels with a cause?, London; Routledge.

Kember, Sarah Cyberfeminism and Artificial Life (Routledge, 2003)

Kun, J. (2005). Audiotopia: Music, Race, and America. University of California Press.

Law, John (2004) After Method: Mess in Social Science Research. London: Routledge.

Lipsitz, Possessive Investment in Whiteness.

Mahmood, S. (2005). The Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Manovich, L. (2001). The language of new media. MIT Press.

Manovich, L. (2011). Software culture.

Marcus, G. E., & Fischer, M. M. J. (1999). Anthropology as cultural critique: An experimental moment in the human sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Marx, Karl. [1846] 1978. The German ideology: Part I. In The Marx-Engels reader, ed. Robert C. Tucker, 146-200. New York: Norton.

McRobbie, Angela. 1991. Feminism and youth culture: From Jackie to Just Seventeen. Boston: Unwin Hyman.

McRobbie, Angela. (2005). The uses of cultural studies: A textbook. London: Sage.

Miller, Toby (1993). The Well-Tempered Self: Citizenship, Culture, and the Postmodern Subject. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

Miller, Toby. Cultural Citizenship: Cosmopolitanism, Consumerism, and Television in a Neoliberal Age.

Mohanty, Chandra. Feminism Without Borders.

Molina, Isabel. Dangerous Curves: Latina Bodies in the Media.

Morley, D. and Chen, K-H. (1996). Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge.

Mouffe, C. (Ed.). (1979). Gramsci and Marxist theory. London: Routledge.

Narayan, Kirin. 1995. Participant observation. In Women writing culture, eds. Ruth Behar and Deborah A. Gordon, 33-48. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Newman, K. M. (2004). Radio Active: Advertising and Consumer Activism, 1935-1947. University of California Press.

Povinelli, E. (2006). The Empire of Love: Toward a Theory of Intimacy, Genealogy and Carnality. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Radway, Janice A. [1984] 1991. Reading the romance: Women, patriarchy, and popular literature. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Razlogova, E. (2011). The Listener's Voice: Early Radio and the American Public (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011).

Roediger, D. R. (2006). Working toward whiteness: How America's immigrants became white. New York: Basic Books.

Said, E. 1978: Orientalism. New York: Harper.

Said, Edward (1993) Culture and imperialism New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Salter, L. & Hearn, A. M. V. (1997). Outside the lines: Issues in interdisciplinary research. McGill-Queen's Press.

Saxinian, A. (1994). Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 (Harvard University Press, 1994)

Schwartz, V. R. (1998). Spectacular Realities: Early Mass Culture in fin-de-siècle Paris, University of California Press, 1998. Berkeley: University of California Press.

The second wave: A reader in feminist theory, ed. Linda Nicholson, 396-414. New York: Routledge.

Spigel, Lynn. 2001. Welcome to the dreamhouse: Popular media and postwar suburbs. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

Suisman, D. Selling Sounds: The Commercial Revolution in American Music.

Thomson, EP. The Making of the English Working Class.

Vaillant, D. (2003). Sounds of Reform: Progressivism and Music in Chicago, 1873-1935.

Veblen, Thorstein. [1899] 1994. The theory of the leisure class. New York: Dover.

Wajcman, J. 1991. Feminism confronts technology. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Wajcman, J. (2004). TechnoFeminism. Polity Press.

Wall, L. (1999). "Perl, the first postmodern computer language." Linux World. March 3.

Wardrip-Fruin, N. & Montfort, N. (Eds.) (). New Media Reader. MIT Press.

Weber, M. (2002). The Protestant ethic and the "spirit" of capitalism and other writings. Penguin.

Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society. University of California Press.

Westfall, R. (2001). "Technical Opinion: Hello, World considered harmful". Communications of the ACM. (44:10), 129-130.

Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Williams, R. (1989). “The Uses of Cultural Theory.” In The Politics of Modernism. New York: Verso.

Williams, Raymond. 1989. Resources of hope: Culture, democracy, socialism. Ed. Robin Gable. New York: Verso.

Articles, book chapters

Adorno, Theodor and Max Horkheimer. (1993). “The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception.” From Dialectic of Enlightenment.

Allen, M. (2008) ‘Web 2.0: An Argument against Convergence,’ First Monday, 13(3), URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2139/1946.

Althusser, Louis. (1971). “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.” Cultural Theory and Popular Culture. The University of Georgia Press. 1998: pp. 153-164.

Bartky, Sandra Lee. 1990. Foucault, femininity, and the modernization of patriarchal power. In Femininity and domination: Studies in the phenomenology of oppression, 63-82. New York: Routledge.

Bennett, W. Lance. 1998. The uncivic culture: Communication, identity, and the rise of lifestyle politics. PS: Political Science and Politics 31 (4): 740-761.

Bennett, W. Lance. 2004. Branded political communication: Lifestyle Politics, logo campaigns, and the rise of global citizenship. In Politics, products, and markets: Exploring political consumerism past and present, eds. Michele Micheletti, Andreas Follesdal, and Dietlind Stolle, 101-126. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.

Butler, Judith (1997) "Merely cultural" Social Text, 52/53, 265 – 277.

Clark, Danae. 1991. Commodity lesbianism. Camera Obscura 25-26: 181-201.

Collins, Patricia Hill. 1986. Learning from the outsider within: The sociological significance of black feminist thought. Social Problems 33 (6, December): S14-S32.

Coppa, Francesca. "Women, 'Star Trek' and the Early Development of Fannish Vidding," Transformative Works and Cultures 1, 2008

Debord, Guy. Society of the Spectacle.

Dyer, Richard. "Judy Garland and Gay Men," Heavenly Bodies: Film Stars and Society (London: McMillian, 1986)

Galperin, H. (1999, January 1). Cultural Industries in the Age of Free-Trade Agreements. Canadian Journal of Communication [Online], 24(1). Available: http://www.cjc-online.ca/viewarticle.php?id=505

Gandy, O. H., Jr. (2006). The real digital divide: Citizens versus consumers. In L. A. Lievrouw & S. M. Livingstone (Eds.), Handbook of New Media: Social Shaping and Social Consequences of ICTs: Sage.

Goonatilake, Susantha. 1993. "Modern Science and the Periphery: The Characteristics of Dependent Knowledge." In The "Racial" Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future. Edited by Sandra Harding. Pp. 259-267 (9). Bloomington: Indiana Press.

Gramsci, Antonio. 2006. The prison notebooks. In The cultural resistance reader, ed. Stephen Duncombe, 58-67. New York: Verso.

Grossberg, Lawrence. (2006). Does cultural studies have a future? Should it? (Or What’s the matter with New York?): Cultural studies, context and conjunctures. Cultural Studies 20(1): 1-33.

Hall, S. (1979). Culture, the Media, and the ‘Ideological Effect’. In J. Curran, M. Gurevitch & J. Woollacott (Eds.), Mass Communication and Society (pp. 315-348). Beverly Hills: Sage.

Hall, Stuart. [1980] 2006. Encoding/decoding. In Media and cultural studies, eds. Meenakshi Gigi Durham and Douglas M. Kellner, 163-173. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.

Haraway, Donna. 1988. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Feminist Studies 14 (3, Autumn): 575-599.

Harding, Sandra. (1997). Is there a Feminist Method? In S. Harding (Ed.), Feminism and Methodology: Social Science Issues. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

Hills, M (2007). 'Fan Cultures', Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, (2007)

Jacobs-Huey, Lanita. 2002. The natives are gazing and talking back: Reviewing the problematics of positionality, voice, and accountability among “native” anthropologists. American Anthropologist 104 (3): 791-804.

Lazzarato, M. (1996) "Immaterial Labor Translated by Paul Colilli and Ed Emery", URL (consulted August 2008): http://www.generation-online.org/c/fcimmateriallabour3.htm

Marwick, A. (2010). "Status Update: Celebrity, publicity, and self-branding in Web 2.0." Doctoral Dissertation, NYU. Retrieved from: http://tiara.org/dissertation/index.html

Marwick, A. and boyd, d. (2011). "To See and Be Seen: Celebrity Practice on Twitter." Convergence 17(2): 139 - 158.

McKee, Alan (2007) The fans of cultural theory. In Gray, Jonathan, Sandvoss, Cornel, & Harrington, C. Lee (Eds.) Fandom : identities and communities in a mediated world. New York University Press, New York, pp. 88-97.

Mills, C. Wright. Appendix to Sociological Imagination (1959). Appendix, On Intellectual Craftsmanship, pp. 195-226. In the Sociological Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press. http://ddl.uwinnipeg.ca/res_des/files/readings/cwmills-intel_craft.pdf

Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. 1988. Under Western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourses. Feminist Review 30: 61-88.

Perelman, M. (2000) Transcending the Economy: On The Potential of Passionate Labour and the Wastes of the Market, 1st edn. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Ross, A. (2000) ‘The Mental Labour Problem’, Social Text 18(2): 1–32.

Spivak, G.(1988). Can the Subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.) Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Stoecker. Randy. Are academics irrelevant? Roles for scholars in participatory research. The American Behavioral Scientist. Thousand Oaks: Feb. 1999. 42:5.

Wajcman, J. (2009). "The Mobile Phone, Perpetual Contact and Time Pressure". Work, Employment and Society, 23(4), pp. 673–691.

Williams, Raymond. [1980] 2006. Base and superstructure in Marxist cultural theory. In Media and cultural studies, eds. Meenakshi Gigi Durham and Douglas M. Kellner, 130-143. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.

Comparative media studies and media history

The purpose of this list is to systematically explore key theoretical and historical studies of media since the mid-19th century with special attention to popular communication networks. In a sense, it should be as much about the history of the study of media as it is about the history of media itself. The list should draw on interdisciplinary literature that includes: media studies, history of science/technology, and science, technology and society (STS). More recent works should skew towards those that grapple with the internet and the concept of "new" media.

Driving questions

• What different approaches have been taken to historicize and/or "period-ize" the last century of media/communication technologies?
• How have different theorists and historians confronted (or contributed to) linear-progressive narratives of media technology, especially the "old"/"new" media dichotomy?
• What kinds of recurring patterns of social behavior have been observed during moments of media transition (e.g. moral panics, utopian/dystopian thinking)?
• How have theorists and historians trained in the social sciences/humanities learned to manage issues of expertise/experience when studying very specialized, highly technical fields?

Keywords

• Comparative media studies, media in transition
• Media, technology, medium specificity
• Media history, historiography, eventalization
• Social shaping, social construction of technology (SCOT)
• New media, residual media, (un)dead media, obsolescence
• Mass, corporate, state, public, independent, grassroots
• Professionalization, amateurs, hobbyists, tinkerers
• Broadcast, TV, radio, music, noise, sound
• Micro/personal/home-computing, programming, code

Books

Aarseth, E. J. (1997). Cybertext: Perspectives on ergodic literature. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Adamson, G. (Ed.) (2010). The Craft Reader. Berg.

Aitken, H. (1985). Syntony and Spark: The Origins of Radio. Princeton University Press.

Akera, A. (2007). Calculating a natural world: Scientists, engineers, and computers during the rise of U.S. cold war research. MIT Press.

Akera, A. & Nebeker, F. (Eds.) (2002). From 0 to 1: An authoritative history of modern computing. Oxford University Press.

Alasuutari, Pertti, ed. 1999. Rethinking the media audience. London: Sage.

Altman, R. (2004). Silent Film Sound. New York: Columbia University Press.

Appleby, J. O., Hunt, L. A., & Jacob, M. C. (1995). Telling the truth about history. W. W. Norton & Company.

Barthes, R. Image, Music, Text.

Barthes, R. The pleasure of the text.

Barthes, R. S/Z.

Baym, N. K. (2011). Embracing the flow (Research Memo), Convergence Culture Consortium, MIT.

Beer, D. "Social network(ing) sites…revisiting the story so far: A response to danah boyd and Nicole Ellison."

Berners-Lee, Tim (1999) Weaving the web: The original design and ultimate destiny of the world wide web by its inventor. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.

Blok, A. & Downey, G. (Eds.) (2004). Uncovering labour in information revolutions, 1750-2000 (Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Boddy, William. 2001. New media and popular imagination: Launching radio, television, and digital media in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bogost, I. (2005). "Procedural Literacy: Problem Solving with Programming, Systems, and Play". Journal of Media Literacy 52, no. 1-2.

Bogost, I. (2008). Unit Operations: An Approach to Videogame Criticism.

Bogost, I. & Montfort, N. (2009). "Platform Studies: Frequently Questioned Answers." Digital Arts and Cultures 2009. Retrieved from: http://bogo.st/2x

Bolter, J. D. & Grusin, R. (1999). Remediation: Understanding new media. MIT Press.

Bordwell, D. (1989). Making Meaning: Inference and Rhetoric in the Interpretation of Cinema. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Canary, R. H. & Kozicki, H. (Eds.) (1978). The Writing of history: Literary form and historical understanding. University of Wisconsin Press.

Carr, E. H. (2008). What is History?. Penguin.

Chandler, A. & Neumark, N. (2005). At a Distance: Precursors to art and activism on the internet. MIT Press.

Charney, L. & Schwartz, V. R. (Eds.) (1995). Cinema and the Invention of Modern Life. Berkeley: UC Press.

Chun, W. H. K. (2011). Programmed Visions: Software and Memory. The MIT Press.

Coontz, S. (1992). The way we never were: American families and the nostalgia trap. New York: Basic Books.

Couldry, N. The place of media power: pilgrims and witnesses of the media age

Couldry, N. & James Curran. Contesting media power: Alternative media in a networked world.

Cowan, R. S. (1996). A Social History of American Technology. Oxford University Press.

Cox, G. & Krysa, J. (2005). Engineering Culture: On 'The Author as (Digital) Producer'. Autonomedia (DATA browser 02) See: http://data-browser.net/02/

Craig, D. B. (2005). Fireside Politics: Radio and Political Culture in the United States, 1920-1940. John Hopkins University Press.

Cresswell, T. (2006). On the Move: Mobility in the Modern Western World. Routledge.

Davidson, R. (2007). 9XM Talking: WHA radio and the Wisconsin Idea. University of Wisconsin Press.

de Certeau, M. (1988). The writing of history. Trans. Tom Conley. Columbia University Press.

Doerksen, C. J. (2005). American Babel: Rogue Radio Broadcasters of the Jazz Age. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Douglas, S. Inventing American Broadcasting, 1899-1922 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987)

Douglas, S. (). Listening in.

Dourish, P. & Bell, G. (2011). Divining a Digital Future: Mess and Mythology in Ubiquitous Computing. MIT Press.

Downey, G. J. (2002). Telegraph messenger boys: Labor, technology, and geography, 1850-1950 (Routledge, 2002).

Downey, G. J. (2011). Technology and Communication in American history. Washington, DC: Society for the History of Technology / American Historical Association.

Edgerton, D. (2011). The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900. Oxford University Press.

Edwards, Paul The Closed World (MIT, 1996)

Edwards, P. (2010). A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming. MIT Press.

Fuller, M. (Ed.) (2008). Software studies: A lexicon. MIT Press.

Fiske, John. (1996) Media Matters: Race and Gender in US Politics.

Foucault, M. (1994). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. Vintage.

Frost, G. L. (2010). Early FM Radio: Incremental Technology in Twentieth-Century America. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Gallo, Rubén. (2006). Mexican Modernity: The Avant-Garde and the Technological Revolution. By Rubén Gallo. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.

Gibson, James (1986) The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Hillside N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Ginzburg, C. (1989). Clues, Myths, and the Historical Method. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.

Glaser, A. (1981). History of Binary and other Nondecimal Numeration. Tomash Publishers.

Gray, Herman. 1995. Watching race: Television and the struggle for blackness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Gray, J. & Lotz, A. D. (2011). Television Studies. Polity.

Gray, J., Sandvoss, C., & Harrington, C. L. (2007). Fandom: Identities and Communities in a Mediated World. NYC: NYU Press.

Green, Joshua and Jean Burgess, YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture (New York: Polity, 2009)

Greenberg, J. M. (2008). From BetaMax to Blockbuster: Video stores and the invention of movies on video. MIT Press.

Hayes, J. E. (2000). Radio Nation: Communication, Popular Culture, and Nationalism in Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

Haring, K. (2006). Ham Radio's Technical Culture. MIT Press.

Harstock, N. (1985) Money, sex and Power: towards a feminist historical materialism. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

Hartley, John. Television Truths: Forms of Knowledge in Popular Culture (London: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007)

Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (2002). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books.

Helmreich, Stefan. (1998). Silicon Second Nature. University of California Press.

Hill, Annette. 2005. Reality TV: Audiences and popular factual television. New York: Routledge.

Hine, Christine Virtual Ethnography (Sage, 2000)

Hall, Gary. Digitize This Book! The Politics of New Media, or Why We need Open Access Now. Minneapolis and London: U Minnesota P, 2008. 105-186.

Halper, D. L. (2001). Invisible Stars: A Social History of Women in American Broadcasting. By Donna L. Halper. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2001.

Hills, Matt. Fan Cultures. Routledge, 2002.

Hilmes, M. & Loviglio, J. (2002). Radio reader: Essays in the cultural history of radio. Routledge.

Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor W. Adorno. [1944] 1976. The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. In Dialectic of enlightenment, 120-167. New York: Continuum.

Hutchby, Ian (2001) Conversation and Technology: From the telephone to the internet. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

Jenkins, H. (1992). What Made Pistachio Nuts?: Early Sound Comedy and the Vaudeville Aesthetic. Columbia University Press.

Jenkins, H. Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture. Routledge, 1992.

Jenkins, H. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: NYU.

Jenkins, H., Ford, S. & Green, J. (in press). Spreadable Media. New York: NYU.

Jenkins, K. (Ed.) (1997). The postmodern history reader. Routledge.

Jordan, T. (1999). Cyberpower: The culture and politics of cyberspace and the Internet.

Jordan, T. (2008) Hacking: Digital media and technological determinism. Cambridge, UK: Polity.

Juhasz, A. (1996). AIDS TV: Identity, Community and Alternative Video (Duke University Press, 1996)

Juhasz, A. (2011). Learning from YouTube. MIT Press.

Kelly, Kevin (2011) What Technology Wants. New York: Penguin Group.

Klinenberg, Eric. (2007). Fighting for Air. New York: Metropolitan Books.

Kuhn, T. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

Kunda, G. (2006). Engineering culture: Control and commitment in a high-tech corporation. Temple University Press.

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Morton, D. L. (2004) Sound Recording: The Life Story of a Technology. Rutgers University Press.

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Nakamura, Lisa. Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity and Identity on the Internet

Negroponte, N. (1995). Being Digital.

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Nye, D. (2003). America as Second Creation: Technology and Narratives of New Beginnings.

Pursell, C. (1995). The Machine in AmericaThe Machine in America: A Social History of Technology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).

Pursell, C. (2007). Technology In Postwar America: A History (Columbia University Press, 2007)

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Satia, Priya. (2010). "War, Wireless, and Empire: Marconi and the British Warfare State, 1896–1903." Technology and Culture, 51, October.

Schaefer, M. The Soundscape.

Scharff, Robert C., and Val Dusek. The Philosophy of Technology: The Technological Condition (An Anthology). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.

Seiter, Ellen. 1999. Television and new media audiences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Shapin, S. & Schaffer, S. (2011). Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life. Princeton University Press.

Silvio, T. (2007). Remediation and local globalizations: How Taiwan's ‘digital video knights-errant puppetry’ writes the history of the new media in Chinese. Cultural Anthropology, 22(2), 285–313.

Smith, Merritt Roe, and Gregory Clancey, eds. Major Problems in the History of American Technology. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997.

Somerville, S. B. (1999). Queering the color line: Race and the invention of homosexuality in American culture. Duke University Press.

Spigel, Lynn, and Jan Olssen, eds. 2005. Television after TV: Essays on a medium in transition. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

Starr, Paul (2004). The Creation of the Media: Political Origins of Modern Communications. New York: Basic Books.

Sterne, J. The Audible Past: Cultural Origins of Sound Reproduction. (Duke UP, 2003).

Strauven, W. (Ed.) (2006). The cinema of attractions reloaded. Amsterdam University Press.

Streeter, Thomas. 1996. Selling the air: A critique of the policy of commercial broadcasting in the united states. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Streeter, Thomas. 2011. The Net Effect: Romanticism, Capitalism, and the Internet. New York: NYU Press. Suisman, D. and Strasser, S. (Eds.) (2009). Sound in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Thorburn, D. & Jenkins, H. (Eds.) (2003). Rethinking Media Change: The Aesthetics of Transition (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003)

Turner, Fred. 2006. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Uricchio, W. & Pearson, R.E. (1993). Reframing Culture: The Case of the Vitagraph Quality Films. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Wardrip-Fruin, N. (2009). Expressive Processing: Digital Fictions, Computer Games, and Software Studies. MIT Press.

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Williams, Raymond. (1974). Television: Technology and cultural form. New York: Routledge.

Winn, J. E. & Brinson, S. L. (Eds.) (2005). Transmitting the Past: Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Broadcasting. University of Alabama Press.

Zook, Matthew (2005) The geography of the internet industry: Venture capital, dot-coms, and local knowledge. Oxford: Blackwell.

Articles, book chapters

Arceneaux, N. (2010). "Wanamaker's Department Store and the Origins of Electronic Media, 1910–1922." Technology and Culture, 51(4), October, pp. 809-828.

Banner, L. W. (2009). “Biography as History,” American Historical Review 114, no. 2 (June 2009): 579-586.

Benjamin, Walter. 1968. The work of art in the age of mass production. In Illuminations, 217-252. New York: Schocken.

Bowker, Geoffrey ‘How to be Universal: Some cybernetic strategies, 1943-1970’ (Social Studies of Science, 1993)

boyd, d. (2010). Streams of content, limited attention: The flow of information through social media. EDUCAUSE Review, 45(5), 26–36. http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Review/EDUCAUSEReviewMagazineVolume45/StreamsofContentLimitedAttenti/213923

boyd, d. & Ellison, n. "Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship."

Cammaerts, B. (2008) ‘Critiques on the Participatory Potentials of Web 2.0,’ Communication, Culture & Critique, 1(3): 358-377.

Cayley, J. (2005). "The Code is not the Text (unless it is the Text)". Electronic Book Review, September 10. Retrieved from: http://www.electronicbookreview.com/thread/electropoetics/literal

Coleman, B. (2010). "Ethnographic Approaches to Digital Media". Annual Review of Anthropology. 39: 1-16.

Coleman, B. (2010). "Hacking In-Person: The Ritual Character of Conferences and the Distillation of a Life-World". Anthropological Quarterly, Winter.

Coppa, Francesca. "Women, 'Star Trek' and the Early Development of Fannish Vidding," Transformative Works and Cultures 1, 2008

Daston, L. (1987). “The Domestication of Risk: Mathematical Probability and Insurance, 1650-1830,” in Lorenz Krüger, et al. eds. The Probabilistic Revolution, (1987), pp. 237-260

Deuze, M. (2011). "Media Life." Media, Culture & Society, 33(1), 137-148. doi:10.1177/0163443710386518

Douglas, S. J. (2010). "Some Thoughts on the Question 'How Do New Things Happen?'." Technology and Culture, 51(2), April, pp. 293-304.

Fiske, John. "The Cultural Economy of Fandom," in Lisa A. Lewis (ed.) The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media (New York: Routledge, 1992)

Fiske, John (2002) “Technostruggles: Black Liberation Radio” in M Hilmes and J. Loviglio (eds) Radio reader: Essays in the cultural history of radio. New York: Routledge: 451-460.

Ford, Sam. "Fandemonium: A Tag Team Approach to Enabling and Mobilizing Fans," Convergence Culture Consortium White Paper, 2007

Foucault, Michel. 2000. Questions of method. In Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984: Volume 3: Power, ed. James Faubion. New York: New Press.

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Gitlin, Todd (1974). "Media sociology: The dominant paradigm". Theory and Society, 6(2), 205-253. DOI: 10.1007/BF01681751

Gray, J. (2003). New audiences, new textualities: Anti-fans and Non-fans, International Journal of Cultural Studies. 6:64

Greenblatt, S. (ed.), Cultural Mobility: A Manifesto (Cambridge University Press, 2010): “Cultural Mobility: An Introduction” and “A Mobility Studies Manifesto,” 1–23 and 250–253

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Jenkins, Henry. "Out of the Closet and Into the Universe" and "Normal Female Interest in Men Bonking" (Jenkins)

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Kay, Alan C. The Early History of Smalltalk. ACM. 1993.

Law, J., Savage, M. & Ruppert, E. (2010). "Digital Devices: nine theses." CRESC Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 86. Retrieved from: http://heterogeneities.net/papers.htm

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Reagin, N. & Rubenstein, A. (2011) "I'm Buffy, and you're history": Putting fan studies into history. Transformative Works and Cultures http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/272/200

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Siochru, Sean and Girard, Bruce. (2002). Global Media Governance. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Slater, Don and Miller, Daniel (2003) Ethnography and the extreme internet. In: Eriksen, Thomas, (ed.) Globalisation: studies in anthropology. Pluto Press, London, UK, pp. 39-57. ISBN 9780745320601

Stein, L & Busse, K. (2009) Limit Play: Fan Authorship between Source Text, Intertext, and Context. Popular Communication, 7: 192-207.

Sterne, J. (). "Mp3 as cultural artifact."

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Turner, Fred. 2005. “Where the Counterculture Met The New Economy: The WELL and the Origins of Virtual Community.” Technology and Culture, Vol.46, No.3 (July, 2005), pp. 485-512.

Turner, Fred. “How Digital Media Found Utopian Ideology: Lessons from the First Hackers’ Conference,” in David Silver and Adrienne Massanari, eds., Critical Cyberculture Studies: Current Terrains, Future Directions, New York University Press 2006.[pdf]

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Turner, Fred. “Bohemian Technocracy and the Countercultural Press,” in Geoff Kaplan, ed., Power of the People, University of Chicago Press, in press.

Uricchio, W. (2008). “Television’s First Seventy-Five Years: The Interpretive Flexibility of a Medium in Transition,” The Oxford Handbook of Film and Media Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008): 286–305

Uricchio, W. (2009). "We Europeans? Media, Representations, Identities" In William Uricchio (Ed.) We Europeans?: Media, Representations, Identities. Intellect Books, Ltd.

Uricchio, W. (2011). “The Algorithmic Turn: Photosynth, Augmented Reality and the State of the Image” in Visual Studies 26:1 (2011): 25-35.

Vaillant, D. (2002). “Sounds of Whiteness: Local Radio, Racial Formation, and Public Culture in Chicago, 1921–1935,” American Quarterly 54, no. 1, March 2002, 25-66.

Vaillant, D. (2004). “Bare–Knuckled Broadcasting: Enlisting Southern Manhood and Racial Paternalism in the Battle Against Chain Stores, Chain Stations, and the Federal Radio Commission on Louisiana’s KWKH, 1924-1933,” The Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast and Audio Media, 1, no. 3, 2004, 193-211.

Vaillant, D. (2010). "The Police de l'Air: Amateur Radio and the Politics of Aural Surveillance in France, 1921-1940," French Politics, Culture & Society 28, Spring 2010, 1-24.

Winner, Langdon (1980) “Do Artifacts Have Politics?” Daedalus 109(1): 121-136.

Winner, L. ("Social Constructivism: Opening the Black Box and Finding It Empty," Science as Culture, Vol. 3, part 3, no. 16, pp. 427–452.

Winner, L. (1993). "Upon opening the black box and finding it empty: Social constructivism and the philosophy of technology." Science, Technology, & Human Values.

Yeang, Chen-Pang. "Scientific fact or engineering specification? The U.S. Navy's experiments on long-range wireless telegraphy circa 1910," Technology and Culture, 45:1 (2004), 1-29.

Infrastructure and its contexts

The purpose of this list is to understand the different circumstances within which media technologies and communication networks may be imagined, constructed, adopted, and abandoned. The readings here should focus on the economic, geographic, and regulatory dimensions of ICT development. Although culture and technology are explored in greater depth in other lists, special attention should be given here to studies (and narratives) of user-driven innovation, "hackers," and "disruptive" technologies, individuals or organizations.

Driving questions

• What different methodological approaches have been used to model and measure the economic impact of communication technologies?
• What types of labor are included and excluded in categories like "ICT" or "information worker"?
• What is the relationship between the "two guys in a garage" Silicon Valley narrative and the lived experience of a middle class "information worker" (e.g. a member of the Best Buy Geek Squad)?
• How have different scholars understood the role of the user in the development of communication technologies?

Keywords

• Economics of media, information economy, creative destruction
• Media policy, planning, regulation
• Labor, work, employment, entrepreneurship
• Co-production, free labor, fan labor
• User-driven innovation, hacking, hobbyist
• Intellectual property, ownership, free culture
• Communication networks, infrastructure, network analysis
• Political economy

Books

Alt, James and Kehheth A. Shepsle. (1990). Perspectives on Positive Political Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Aronson, J. (2009). Transforming Global Information and Communication Markets. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Aufderheide, P. & Jaszi, P. (2011). Reclaiming Fair Use: How to Put Balance Back in Copyright. University of Chicago Press.

Ayers, C. E. (1962). The Theory of Economic Progress, 2nd ed. New York: Schocken Books.

Backhouse, Roger E. (1998). Explorations in Economic Methodology: From Lakatos to Empirical Philosophy of Science. New York: Routledge.

Baker, C. E. (2001). Media, Markets and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Balsamo, Anne (2011) Designing Culture: The Technological Imagination at Work. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Baran, Paul A. and Paul M. Sweezy. (1966). Monopoly Capital. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Barry, A. and D. Slater (eds.) (2005) The Technological Economy. London and New York: Routledge.

Becker, Howard (1984) Art worlds University of California Press

Benkler, Yochai. (2006). The Wealth of Networks. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Boserup, 1970. Women’s Role in Economic Development . New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.

Bourdieu, Pierre. (2005). The Social Structures of the Economy. Malden, MA: Polity.

Brenner, Robert. ([1998] 2006). The Economics of Global Turbulence. New York: Verso.

Breyer, Stephen. (1980). Regulation and Its Reform. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. [Selections]

Brown, John Seely (Ed.) (1997). Seeing differently: Insights on innovation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Book.

Callon, M., Millo, Y, & Muniesa, F. (Eds.) (2007). Market devices. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

Caporaso, James A. and David P. Levine. (1992). Theories of Political Economy. New York: Cambridge. [General frameworks]

Castells, et al. (2007). Mobile Communication and Society. Cambridge: MIT Press. [Chapters 1, 2, 7, 8]

Castells, Manuel. (1996). The Power of Identity. Oxford: Blackwell. [Chapters 1, 5, 6]

Castells, Manuel. (1996). End of Millennium. Oxford: Blackwell. [Chapters 2, 5, Conclusion]

Castells, M. (2001). The Internet galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, business, and society: Oxford University Press.

Cetina, K. K. (1999). Epistemic Cultures. How the Sciences Make Knowledge. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Chun, W. H. K. (2006). Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Cohen, Stephen, and Zysman, John. (1988). Manufacturing Matters. New York: Basic Books.

Cooper, M. (2003). Media Ownership and Democracy in the Digital Information Age. Washington, D.C.: Center for Internet & Society, Stanford Law School.

David, P. The Dynamo and the Computer: An Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox.

Deuze, M. (2007) Mediawork. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Drahos and Braithwaite. Information Feudalism: Who owns the Knowledge Economy?.

Dupree, A. H. (1957, 1986). Science in the Federal Government, a history of policies and activities to 1940.

Dupree, A. H. (Ed.) (1963). Science and the emergence of modern America, 1865-1916.

Eglash, R., Croissant, J. L., Di Chiro, G., & Fouché, R. (2004). Appropriating Technology: Vernacular Science And Social Power. University of Minnesota Press.

Galbraith, J. K. (1958). The Affluent Society.

Galbraith, J. K. (1967). The New Industrial State.

Galloway, A. (2004). Protocol: How Control Exists After Decentralization. MIT Press.

Gibson-Graham, J. K. The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It)

Gillespie, Tarleton. 2007. Wired Shut: Copyright and the Shape of Digital Culture. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Gilpin, Robert. (2003). Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. Orient Longman.

Hanneman, R. & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Retrieved from: http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/

Harvey, D. (1999). The Limits To Capital. Verso.

Harvey, David (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism.

Hayek, F. (1944). The Road to Serfdom. Routledge.

Held et al. Global Transformations. Politics, Economics, and Culture. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999

Hills, Jill. (2007). Telecommunications and Empire. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press. [Selected chapters]

Himanen, Pekka (2002) The hacker ethic: A radical approach to the philosophy of business. Random House Trade Paperbacks.

Hounshell, D. (1985). From the American System to Mass Production, 1800-1932: The development of manufacturing technology in the United States. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Hounshell, D. (1996). The evolution of industrial research. In R. Rosenbloom and W. Spencer (Eds.), Engines of innovation: U.S. industrial research at the end of an era. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

Hounshell, D. (2000). Medium is the message, or how context matters: The RAND Corporation builds on economics of innovation, 1946-1962. In A. Hughe and T. Hughes (Eds.), System, Experts, and Computers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Hounshell, D., Holbrook, D., Cohen, W. & Klepper, S. (2000). The nature, sources, and consequences of firm differences in the early history of the semiconductor industry. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1017-1041.

Jordan, Tim. 2009. Hacking: digital media and technological determinism, Cambridge; Polity (Also available at King's College London library and from the publisher)

Keohane, Robert. (2005 [1984]). After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Keynes, John Maynard. General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.

Kotz, David M., Terrence McDonough and Michael Reich. (1994). Social Structures of Accumulation: The Political Economy of Growth and Crisis.

Krugman, Paul (1986) Strategic trade policy and the new international economics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

Latour, Bruno. The Politics of Nature.

Lessig, Lawrence (1999). Code: And other laws of cyberspace. New York: Basic Books

Lessig, Lawrence. (2002). The Future of Ideas. New York: Vintage.

Levine, R. (2011). Free Ride: How Digital Parasites are Destroying the Culture Business, and How the Culture Business Can Fight Back. Doubleday.

MacKinnon, R. (2012). Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle for Internet Freedom.

Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of Economics.

Mazzone, J. (2011). "Copyfraud and Other Abuses of Intellectual Property Law" (Stanford University Press: 2011).

McChesney, R. (1993). Telecommunications, Mass Media, and Democracy: The Battle for the Control of U.S. Broadcasting, l928-l935. New York: Oxford University Press.

McChesney, R. (2007). The Political Economy of Media. New York: The New Press.

McChesney R. W. & Foster, J. B. (2010). Communication and Monopoly Capital: A Reinterpretation of the Information Age and the Tribulations of U.S. Democracy. New York: The New Press.

McCloskey, Donald. (1994). Knowledge and Persuasion in Economics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

McLeod, K. & DiCola, P. (2011). Creative License: The Law and Culture of Digital Sampling. Duke University Press.

Mill, J. S. (1859). On Liberty.

Monge, P. R. & Contractor, N. (2003). Theories of Communication Networks. Oxford University Press.

Morley, M. (2000). Home Territories: Media, Mobility and Identity. Routledge.

Mosco, Vincent (1996) The Political Economy of Communication: Rethinking and Renewal. London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: Sage.

Neff, Gina. 2012 (forthcoming?). Venture Labor: Work and the Burden of Risk in Innovative Industries. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Neuchterlein, Jonathan and Phil Weiser. (2005) Digital Crossroads. Cambridge: MIT Press.

North, Douglass. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Oudshoorn, N. & Pinch, T. J. (2003). How users matter: The co-construction of users and technologies. MIT Press.

Nuechterlein, Jonathan and Philip Weiser. (2007). Digital Crossroads: American Telecommunicatoins Policy in the Internet Age. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Olson, Mancur. (1971). The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press.

Pang, B. & Lee, L. (2008). Opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval 2(1-2), pp. 1–135, 2008. Retrieved from: http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee/opinion-mining-sentiment-analysis-survey.html

Perez, Carlotta (2003). Technological revolutions and financial capital: The dynamics of bubbles and Golden Ages. Edward Elgar Publishers.

Polanyi, K. (1944, 2010). The great transformation: The political and economic origins of our time. Boston, Mass: Beacon Press.

Pool, Ithiel de Sola. (1983). Technologies of Freedom: On Free Speech in an an Electronic Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Resnick, Stephen A. and Richard D. Wolff. (1987). Knowledge and Class: A Marxian Critique of Political Economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy and Regulation

Rogers, Everett M. and Judith K. Larson (1984) Silicon Valley fever: Growth of high-technology culture. New York: Basic Books.

Saskia Sassen, The Global City. Princeton University Press, 1991.

Saxenian, Annalee (1994). Regional advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Schumpeter. Joseph. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (15th ed.). UK: Ruskin House, 1976 [orig. 1943].

Schiller, D. Digital Capitalism, How To Think About Information. MIT Press.

Shapiro, C. & Varian, H. R. (1998). Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Harvard Business Review Press.

Scott, Allen J. (2006) Geography and economy: Three lectures. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Slotten, H. R. (2000). Radio and Television Regulation: Broadcast Technology in the United States, 1920-1960. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Slotten, H. R. (2009). Radio's Hidden Voice: The origins of public broadcasting in the United States. University of Illinois Press.

Smith, A. The Wealth of Nations.

Storper, Michael (1997). The regional world. New York: Guilford.

Suchman, Lucy Human-Machine Reconfigurations (Cambridge, 2007)

Tapscott, D. & Williams, A. D. (2006). Wikinomics.

Tapscott, D. & Williams, A. D. (2010). Macrowikinomics.

Terranova, T. (2004). Network Culture: Politics for the Information Age. London: Pluto Press.

Thomas, D. (). Hacker Culture.

Toffler, A. (1980). The Third Wave. Bantam Books.

Tool, Marc R. (1979). The Discretionary Economy: A Normative Theory of Political Economy.

Vaidhyanathan, S. (2002). "Copyright as Cudgel." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2 August 2002. Retrieved from: http://englishmatters.gmu.edu/issue9/cudgel.html

Veblen, Thorstein. The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions. / Theory of the Business Enterprise

Wallerstein, Immanuel (2004). World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Weber, S. (2004). The Success of Open Source. Cambridge; MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.

Webster, Frank (2006). Theories of the Information Society. New York: Routledge.

Wilson, E. The Information Revolution and Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004

Wolf, Martin. (2008). Fixing Global Finance. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Zook, Matthew (2005) The geography of the internet industry: Venture capital, dot-coms, and local knowledge. Oxford: Blackwell.

Articles, book chapters

(2007). Special Issue: Net Neutrality. International Journal of Communication. Vol 1. http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/issue/view/1

(2009). Special Issue: Co-creative Labor. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 12(5).

(2011). Special Issue: Network Theory. International Journal of Communication. Vol 5. http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/issue/view/6

Alexander, M. (2004). The Internet and Democratization: The Development of Russian Internet Policy. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 12(4), 607-627.

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Bar, François and Namkee Park, "Municipal Wi-Fi: The Goals, Practices, and Policy Implications of the U.S. Case", Communications & Strategies, no. 61, 1st quarter 2006, p.107-125.

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Bar, François, and Christian Sandvig (2007), “ US Communication Policy after Convergence”, Media Culture and Society, (forthcoming, Oct07)

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Bowker, G. & Star, S. L. (2000). Sorting Things Out: Classification and its Consequences. MIT Press.

Brown, John Seely and Paul Duguid (2002). “Local knowledge: Innovation in the networked age” Unpublished paper, from authors’ private collection.

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Deibert, R., Palfrey, J., Rohozinski, R., & Zittrain, J. (2008). Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering: The MIT Press.

Denison, R. (2011). Anime fandom and the liminal spaces between fan creativity and piracy. International Journal of Cultural Studies 14: 449.

De Long, Bradford (1998) “How ‘new’ is today’s economy?” Wilson Quarterly

Drake, William J. and Ernest J. Wilson III. (2008). Governing Global Electronic Networks: International Perspectives on Policy and Power. Cambridge: MIT Press.

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Franda, Marcus. Launching into Cyberspace. Internet, Development, and Politics in Five World Regions. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003.

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Galperin, Hernan, and François Bar, "The Microtelco Opportunity: Evidence from Latin America", Information Technologies and International Development 3:2, 2006.

Gillespie, Tarleton. "Designed to 'Effectively Frustrate': Copyright, Technology, and the Agency of Users." New Media & Society (v8n4, August 2006): 651-669.

Gillespie, Tarleton. "Engineering a Principle: 'End-to-End' in the Design of the Internet." Social Studies of Science (v36n3, June 2006): 427-457.

Gillespie, Tarleton. "Copyright and Commerce: The DMCA, Trusted Systems, and the Stabilization of Distribution." The Information Society. (v20n4, Sept. 2004): 239-54.

Hall, Stuart. “The hinterland of science: Ideology and the Sociology of Knowledge” Working Papers in Cultural Studies #10

Harrison, T. & Barthel, B. (2009). Wielding New Media in Web 2.0: Exploring the history of engagement with the collaborative construction of media products. New Media & Society 11: 155

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Hazlett, Thomas W. (1990) “The rationality of U.S. regulation of the broadcast spectrum” Journal of Law and Economics, 33:1, 133 - 175

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Public sphere, public discourse, and social imaginaries

The purpose of this reading list is to map out an interdisciplinary literature concerned with publics and counter-publics. It should explore different uses of theoretical constructs like "publics" and "the public sphere" over the last few decades with special attention to the application of these terms to mediated communication. I am as interested in stricter definitions of the public sphere (e.g. democratic deliberation bound to outcomes) as I am with more loose interpretations applied to emerging communication situations (e.g. YouTube comment threads.)

Driving questions

• Which conditions have different scholars described as requirements for a public to form or emerge?
• Under what conditions do people feel differently enabled, invited, or empowered to speak?
• What sorts of expectations should participants in a public have regarding outcomes, reciprocity, and persistence?
• When private industries offer infrastructures for public discourse, what responsibilities should they have as stewards?
• Can a public emerge if neither the duration of the interaction is unstable and the total number of participants cannot be known?

Keywords

• Publics, counter-publics, public sphere
• Public culture, civic engagement, deliberation
• Semiotics, symbolic interaction, language games, naming
• Social imaginary, networked publics, simulation
• Discourse analysis, circulation, data
• Recursive publics, hybrid public/private spaces and infrastructures
• Anonymity, privacy, self-censorship, transparency

Books

Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. New York: Verso.

Appadurai, A (1996). Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Barry, A. (2001) Political Machines: Governing a Technological Society. London and New York: Athlone Press.

Barthes, R. S/Z.

Baudrillard, J. Simulacra and Simulation.

Baym, N. K. (1995). The Emergence of Community in Computer-Mediated Communication. In S. G. Jones (Ed.) Cybersociety: Computer-Mediated Communication and Community. (pp. 138-163). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bazerman, Charles. (1999). The Languages of Edison's Light. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Beck, Ulrich. World Risk Society. Malden, MA: Polity Press, 1999.

Benhabib, Seyla. Democracy and Difference, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Bennett, W. (2007). Civic life online: Learning how digital media can engage youth: The MIT Press.

Berlant, L. (1997). The queen of America goes to Washington city: Essays on sex and citizenship. Durham: Duke University Press.

Bogost, Ian (2007) Persuasive Games: The Expressive Power of Videogames. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Bogost, Ian, Ferrari, Simon, and Schweizer, Bobby (2010) Newsgames: Journalism at play. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Bohman, James. Public Deliberation: Pluralism, Complexity and Democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.

Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Social Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Callon, M., Lacoumbes, P., & Barthe, Y. (2009). Acting in an Uncertain World: An Essay on Technical Democracy (MIT, 2009)

Castells, M. (2009). Communication power: Oxford University Press, USA.

Chandler, D. (2007). Semiotics: The Basics. New York: Routledge.

Clark, J., & Aufderheide, P. (2009). Public Media 2.0: Dynamic, Engaged Publics: Future of Public Media.

Couldry, Nick (2003) Media Rituals: A Critical Approach. London: Routledge.

Couldry, N. (2010). Why Voice Matters: Culture and Politics After Neoliberalism. Sage.

Dayan, D. (2001). The peculiar public of television, Media, Culture & Society. 23: 743

Dean, J. Democracy and Other Neoliberal Fantasies.

Deleuze, G. & Guattari, F. A Thousand Plateaus.

Dewey, J. (1927). The Public and its Problems.

Duncan, H. D. (1972). Symbols in Society. New York: Galaxy.

Duncombe, Steven. Dream: Reimagining Progressive Politics in an Age of Fantasy (New York: New Press, 2007

Elster, Jon. (Ed.) Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. Pearson.

Fischer, F. (2009). Democracy & Expertise: Reorienting Policy Inquiry. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Flanagan, Mary (2009) Critical Play: Radical Game Design. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Gee, J. P. (). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method (2nd edition). Routledge.

Gutmann, Amy & Dennis Thompson. Why Deliberative Democracy? 2004.

Habermas, Jürgen. (1991). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. MIT Press.

Habermas, J. (2009). Europe the Faltering Project. Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Hallin, D. (1989). The uncensored war: The media and Vietnam: Univ of California Pr.

Haraway, Donna (2008) When Species Meet. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

Hardt, M., & Negri, A.. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. New York: Picador, 2004.

Hardt, M., & Negri, A. Empire.

Jacobs, L., Cook, F., & Carpini, M. (2009). Talking Together: Public Deliberation and Political Participation in America: University Of Chicago Press.

Jenkins, H., Thorburn, D., & Seawell, B. (2004). Democracy and new media: The MIT Press.

Kalyvas, A. (2008). Democracy and the Politics of the Extraordinary: Max Weber, Carl Schmitt, and Hannah Arendt. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Kelty, C. (2009). Two Bits. Duke University Press.

Lafont, Cristina. “Religion in the Public Sphere: What are the Deliberative Obligations of Democratic Citizenship?” Philosophy & Social Criticism 35.9 (2009): 127-150.

Levine, P. (2002). Can the Internet rescue democracy? Toward an on-line commons. Democracy’s Moment: Reforming the American Political System for the, 21.

Lewis, J. (2001). Constructing public opinion: How political elites do what they like and why we seem to go along with it. New York: Columbia University Press.

Livingstone, S. M. (2005). Audiences and publics: When cultural engagement matters for the public sphere. Intellect Books.

Lovink, Geert. 2007. Zero Comments: Blogging and Critical Internet Culture. London: Routledge.

Lyon, D. (2007). Surveillance studies: An overview: Polity.

Madison, James. Federalist Papers.

Mouffe, Chantal. The Democratic Paradox. London and New York: Verso, 2000.

Negt, O. & Kluge, A. (1993). Public sphere and experience: Toward an analysis of the bourgeois and proletarian public sphere. University of Minnesota Press.

Noveck, B. (2009). Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful: Brookings Inst Pr.

Papacharissi, Zizi. 2010. A private sphere: Democracy in a digital age. New York: Polity.

Porter, T. M. (1995). Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life. Princeton University Press.

Pusey, M. (1987). Jürgen Habermas. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Putnam, R. (2001). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community: Touchstone Books.

Qinglian, H. (2008). The Fog of Censorship: Media Control in China (P. Frank, Trans.). New York: Human Rights in China (HRiC).

Rancière, Jacques. Disagreement: Politics and Philosophy. Trans. Julie Rose. Minneapolis, MN: U Minnesota P, 1999.

Sassen, S. (2006). Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. Princeton University Press.

Schmidt, H., Teubener, K., & Konradova, N. (2006). Control and Shift - Public and Private Usages of the Russian Internet: Norderstedt Books on Demand.

Schudson, M., & Downie, L. (2009). The Reconstruction of American Journalism: Columbia Journalism Review.

Sunstein, C. (2009). Republic.com 2.0. Princeton University Press.

Taylor, Charles. Modern Social Imaginaries. Durham, Duke University Press, 2004.

van Aaken, A., List, C., & Luetge, C. (2003). Deliberation and Decision: Economics, Constitutional Theory and Deliberative Democracy. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Van Dijk, J. (2006). The network society: Social aspects of new media: Sage Publications Ltd.

Varnelis, K. (Ed.) (2008). Networked Publics. MIT Press.

Warner, M. (1990). The Letters of the Republic: Publication and the Public Sphere in Eighteenth-Century America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.

Whorf, Benjamin (1956) Language, Thought, and Reality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Winner, L., Feenberg, A., & Nielsen, T. H. (Eds.) (1997). Technology and Democracy: Technology in the Public Sphere. Nielsen, Oslo: Center for Technology and Culture.

Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Articles, book chapters

Arendt, H. (1961). "The Crisis in Culture," Between Past and Future: Six Exercises in Political Thought. New York: Viking Press, 1961, pp. 197-226.

Asen, Robert. “Imagining the Public Sphere.” Philosophy & Rhetoric 33.4 (2002): 354-367.

Barker, Chris, and Dariusz Galasinski. 2001. Cultural studies and discourse analysis: A dialogue on language and identity. London: Sage.

Bennett, W. (2007). Changing citizenship in the digital age. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning, 1-24.

Berlant, Lauren. “The Theory of Infantile Citizenship.” The Queen of America Goes to Washington City: Essays on Sex and Citizenship. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997. 25-54.

Berland, J. (2000) ‘Cultural Technologies and the 'Evolution' of Technological Cultures,’ in A. Herman and T. Swiss (eds.) The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory, pp. 235-258. New York: Routledge.

Braun, Josh and Tarleton Gillespie, "Hosting the Public Discourse, Hosting the Public: When Online News and Social Media Converge" (forthcoming, Journalism Practice, 2011

Castells, M. (2008). The new public sphere: Global civil society, communication networks, and global governance. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 78.

Coleman, G. (2011). "Hacker Politics and Publics". Public Culture, November.

Dahlberg, Lincoln. “The Habermasian Public Sphere: A Specification of the Idealized Conditions of Democratic Communication.” Studies in Social and Political Thought 10 (2004): 2-18.

Dahlberg, Lincoln. “The Habermasian Public Sphere: Taking Difference Seriously?” Theory and Society 34.2 (2005): 111-136.

Dahlberg, Lincoln. “The Internet, Deliberative Democracy, and Power: Radicalizing the Public Sphere.” International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics 3.1 (2007): 47-64.

Davies, Todd. “Introduction: The Blossoming Field of Online Deliberation.” Online Deliberation: Design, Research, and Practice. Ed. Todd Davies and Seeta Peña Gangadharan. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 2009. 1-19. Available at http://www.scribd.com/doc/23919732/Online-Deliberation-Design-Research-Practice

Deem, Melissa. “Stranger Sociability, Public Hope, and the Limits of Political Transformation.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 88.4 (2002): 444-454.

Delli Carpini, M. X., & Keeter, S. (2003). The Internet and an informed citizenry. The civic web: Online politics and democratic values, 129–153.

Delli Carpini, M. X., Cook, F. L., & Jacobs, L. R. (2004). "Public Deliberation, Discursive Participation, and Citizen Engagement: A Review of the Literature." Annual Review of Political Science 7: 315-344.

DeLuca, K. M. & Peeples, J. "From public sphere to Public Screen: Democracy, Activism,and the 'Violence' of Seattle." Critical Studies in Media Communication 19 (2002), 125-151.

De Zuniga, G. (2009). Weblogs, traditional sources online and political participation: an assessment of how the internet is changing the political environment. New Media & Society, 11(4), 553.

Dryzek, John S. (2003). "Deliberative Democracy in Divided Societies: Alternatives to Agonism and Analgesia." Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University. April 28, 2003. Available at http://socpol.anu.edu.au/pdf-files/Dryzek_divided.pdf

Elliott, Brian. “Theories of Community in Habermas, Nancy and Agamben: A Critical Evaluation.” Philosophy Compass 4.6 (2009): 893-903.

Erman, Eva. “What is Wrong with Agonistic Pluralism? Reflections on Conflict in Democratic Theory.” Philosophy & Social Criticism 35.9 (2009): 1039-1062.

Foust, Christina. "Toward Degrees of Mediation: Revisiting the Debate Surrounding Hardt and Negri's Multitude," The Review of Communication 6 (2006): 329-341.

Fraser, N. (1992). Rethinking the public sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy. In Craig Calhoun (Ed.), Habermas and the Public Sphere (109-142). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Fraser, Nancy. 1992. Rethinking the public sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy. In The phantom public sphere, ed. Bruce Robbins, 1-32. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Friedman, Will. “Deliberative Democracy and the Problem of Scope.” Journal of Public Deliberation, 2.1 (2006): 1-29.

Frohock, Fred M. “The Boundaries of Public Reason.” American Political Science Review 91.4 (1997): 833-844.

Gaonkar, Dilip. “Toward New Imaginaries: An Introduction.” Public Culture 14.1 (2002): 1-19.

Gillespie, Tarleton. "The Politics of 'Platforms.'" New Media & Society (v12n3, 2010): 347-364

Goodnight, G. T. (1982). "The Personal, Technical, and Public Spheres of Argument." Journal of the American Forensics Association, 18:214-227.

Goodnight, G. Thomas. “The Duties of Advocacy: Argumentation under Conditions of Disparity, Asymmetry, and Difference.” Paper presented at the 2004 International Society for the Study of Argumentation Conference, Amsterdam, NL.

Goodnight, G. T. (2010). The Metapolitics of the 2002 Iraq Debate: Public Policy and the Network Imaginary. Rhetoric & Public Affairs, 13(1), Spring, 65-94. DOI: 10.1353/rap.0.0132

Green, Ronald W. "The Commons and Community: Global Citizenship without Rhetorical Mediation," in G. A. Houser Rhetorical Democracy: Discursive Practices of Civic Engagement (pp. 165-171) NJ: Erlbaum, 2004.

Gregg, Gary L. “The Deliberative Republic and the Compound Theory of Representation in The Federalist.” Perspectives on Political Science. 26.1 (1997): 15-22.

Haas, T. (2005). From “Public Journalism” to the “Public's Journalism”? Rhetoric and reality in the discourse on weblogs. Journalism Studies, 6(3), 387-396.

Habermas, Jürgen. “Reconciliation Through the Public Use of Reason: Remarks on John Rawls's Political Liberalism.” The Journal of Philosophy, 92.3 (1995): 109-131.

Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-Level Digital Divide: Differences in People’s Online Skills. First Monday, 7(4), 1-20.

Hauser, G. (1998). "Vernacular Dialogue and the Rhetoricality of Public Opinion", Communication Monographs 65 (2): 83–107 Page. 86, doi:10.1080/03637759809376439

Hermes, J. (2006). Citizenship in the Age of the Internet. European journal of communication, 21(3), 295.

Herring, S. C. (2004). "Slouching toward the ordinary: Current trends in computer-mediated communication." New Media & Society, 6(1), 26-36. doi: 10.1177/1461444804039906

Jones, R. (2004) The problem of context in computer mediated communication. In P. LeVine and R. Scollon (eds.) Discourse and technology: Multimodal discourse analysis. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 20-33.

Latour, Bruno (a.k.a. Jim Johnson) (1988) “Mixing Humans and Nonhumans Together: The Sociology of a Door-Closer,” Social Problems 35: 298-310.

Livingstone, S. (2005). "On the Relations Between Audiences and Publics" In Audiences and publics: When cultural engagement matters for the public sphere (Ed. Sonia M. Livingstone). Intellect Books.

Kalyvas, A. (2001). "The Politics of Autonomy and the Challenge of Deliberation: Cornelius Castoriadis contra Jürgen Habermas". Thesis Eleven, 64.

Kenneally, Ivan. "Technocracy and Populism." The New Atlantis, No. 24 (2009): 46-60.

Knight Commission (2009). Informing Communities: Sustaining Democracy in the Digital Age: The Aspen Institute.

Kohn, Margaret. “Homo Spectator: Public Space in the Age of the Spectacle.” Philosophy & Social Criticism 34.5 (2008): 467-486.

Latour, Bruno. “How to Bring the Collective Together.” Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy. Trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004. 53-90.

Macedo, Stephen. “Public Reason and Reasons for Action by Public Authority.” American Journal of Jurisprudence 42 (1997): 1-32.

Malaby, Thomas (2007) “Beyond Play: A New Approach to Games,” Games and Culture, 2(2): 95-113.

Malaby, Thomas (2009) “Anthropology and Play: The Contours of Playful Experience,” New Literary History 40(1): 205-218.

Marwick, A. (2011, in review) The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life. Presented at the Social Surveillance in Every Day Life workshop, Toronto, Canada. Retrieved from: http://www.tiara.org/papers.html

Maurizio Passerin d'Entreves, "Habnnah Arendt and the Idea of Citizenship," Chantal Mouffe, ed. Dimensions of Radical Democracy, London: Verso, 1992: 145-167.

McCluskey, M. & Hmielowski, J. (2011). Opinion expression during social conflict: Comparing online reader comments and letters to the editor. Journalism, http://jou.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/09/09/1464884911421696

McKenna, Bernard and Philip Graham. “Technocratic Discourse: A Primer.” Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 30.3 (2000): 219-247.

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References

Russ

• https://sites.google.com/site/ascquals/newman-2009-critical-cultural-theories-epistomology-

Sasha

• https://sites.google.com/site/ascquals/costanza-chock

Lori

• https://sites.google.com/site/ascquals/lopez-2010-cultural-studies-fans-and-civic-engagement-qualitative-methods-asian-american-media

Jade

• https://sites.google.com/site/ascquals/miller-2008-information-technology-creativity-and-innovation

Laura

• https://sites.google.com/site/ascquals/portwood-stacer-2007-cultural-studies-feminist-theory-television-qualitative

CCS bibliography

• http://haccslab.com/?page_id=50